Videos
The Making of the Fittest:
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| stickleback_hhmi_student_materials.pdf |
Case Studies
| darwins_finches.ppt |
| darwins_finches_ppq.ppt |
| darwins_finches_epilogue.ppt |
| maggot_fly_clicker.ppt |
| dog_evolution.ppt |
| a_tale_of_three_lice.ppt |
Guiding Questions - Campbell
| gq_darwin_and_evolution.doc |
| gq_population_evolution.doc |
| gq_speciation.doc |
| gq_origins_of_life.doc |
| phylogeny_and_systematics_gq.doc |
Class Discussion Flipcharts Mader powerpoints Campbell powerpoints
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Darwin & Evolution
Population Evolution
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Labs
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| lab_8_hardy_weinberg.pdf |
Teddy Graham Lab
| hardy_weinberg_teddy_grahams.pdf |
| investigation_3_blast.pdf |
Documents
| hardy_problem_set.docx |
| mass_extinction_activity_worksheet.doc |
Paperclip activity found in the below:
| evolution_activities.pdf |
| chilean_blob.pdf |
| phylogenetic_tree_assessment.pdf |
| cladogram_ensi.pdf |
| ensi_cladogram_worksheet.pdf |
Evolution Test 2: Review questions below: Also FRQ :)
More Activity Links:
| genetic_drift_lab.doc |
Student presentations of Origins of Life.
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College Board "Essential Knowledge"
AP Standards in AP BIOLOGY are called ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE:
1.A.1. Natural Selection is a major mechanism of evolution
1.A.1.a According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, competition for limited resources results in differential survival. Individuals with more favorable phenotypes are more likely to survive and produce more offspring, thus passing traits to subsequent generations.
1.A.1.b Evolutionary fitness is measured by reproductive success.
1.A.1.c Genetic variation and mutation play roles in natural selection. A diverse gene pool is important for the survival of a species in a changing environment.
1.A.1.d Environments can be more or less stable or fluctuating, and this affects evolutionary rate and direction; different genetic variations can be selected in each generation.
1.A.1.e An adaptation is a genetic variation that is favored by selection and is manifested as a trait that provides an advantage to an organism in a particular environment.
1.A.1.f In addition to natural selection, change and random events can influence the evolutionary process, especially for small populations.
1.A.1.g Conditions for a population or an allele to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are: (1) a large population size; (2) absence of migration; (3) no net mutations; (4) random mating and (5) absence of selection. These conditions are seldom met.
1.A.1.h Mathematical approaches are used to calculate changes in allele frequency, providing evidence for the occurrence of evolution in a population.
1.A.1.h.IE Illustrative example: Graphical analysis of allele frequencies in a population and application of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation.
1.A.2: Natural selection acts on phenotypic variations in populations
1.A.2.a Environments change and act as selective mechanism on population
1.A.2.a.IE Flowering time in relation to global climate change and the Peppered Moth
1.A.2.b Phenotypic variations are not directed by the environment but occur through random changes in the DNA and through new gene combinations.
1.A.2.c. Some phenotypic variations significantly increase or decrease fitness of the organism and the population
1.A.2.c. IE Sickle cell anemia, peppered moth, DDT resistance in insects.
1.A.2.d Humans impact variation in other species.
1.A.2.d. IE Artificial selection, Loss of genetic diversity within a crop species, Overuse of antibiotics
1.A.3. Evolutionary change is also driven by random processes.
1.A.3.a. Genetic drift is a nonselective process occurring in small populations.
1.A.3.b.Reduction of genetic variation within a given population can increase the differences between populations of the same species.
1.A.4: Biological evolution is supported by scientific evidence from many disciplines, including mathematics.
1.A.4.a Scientific evidence of biological evolution uses information from geographical, geological, physical, chemical, and mathematical applications.
1.A.4.b Molecular, morphological and genetic information existing and extinct organisms add to our understanding of evolution.
1.A.4.b.1 Fossils can be dated by a variety of methods that provide evidence for evolution. These include the age of the rocks where a fossil is found, the rate of decay of isotopes including carbon-14, the relationships within phylogenetic trees, and the mathematical calculations that take into account information from chemical properties and/or geographical data.
1.A.4.b.2 Morphological homologies represent features shared by common ancestry. Vestigial structures are remnants of functional structures, which can be compared to fossils and provide evidence for evolution.
1.A.4.b.3 Biochemical and genetic similarities, in particular DNA nucleotide and protein sequences, provide evidence for evolution and ancestry.
1.A.4.b.4. Mathematical models and simulations can be used to illustrate and support evolutionary concepts
1.A.4.b.4 IE Graphical analyses of allele frequencies in a population;.
1.B: Organisms are linked by lines of descent from common ancestry.
1.B.1: Organisms share many conserved core processes and features that evolved and are widely distributed among organisms today.
1.B.1.a: Structural and functional evidence supports the relatedness of all domains.
1.B.1.a.1 DNA and RNA are carriers of genetic information through transcription, translation, and replication.
1.B.1.a.2 Major features of the genetic code are shared by all modern living systems
1.B.1.a.3 Metabolic pathways are conserved across all currently recognized domains.
1.C Life continues to evolve within a changing environment
1.C.1 Speciation and extinction have occurred throughout the Earth’s history.
1.C.1.a Speciation rates can vary, especially when adaptive radiation occurs when new habitats become available.
1.C.1.b Species extinction rates are at times of ecological stress
1.C.1.b.IE Five major extinctions; Human impact on ecosystems and species extinction rates. (Names and dates of extinctions are beyond scope and AP exam)
1.C.2 Speciation may occur when two populations become reproductively isolated from each other.
1.C.2.a Speciation results in diversity of life forms. Species can be physically separated by a geographic barrier such as an ocean or a mountain range, or various pre-and post-zygotic mechanisms can maintain reproductive isolation and prevent gene flow.
1.C.2.b New species arise from reproductive isolation over time, which can involve scales of hundreds of thousands or even millions of years, or species can occur rapidly through mechanisms such as polyploidy in plants.
1.C.3: Populations of organisms continue to evolve.
1.C.3.a. Scientific evidence supports the idea that evolution has occurred in all species
1.C.3.b. Scientific evidence supports the idea that evolution continues to occur.
1.C.3.b.IE Chemical resistance (mutations for resistance to antibiotics, pesticides, herbicides, or chemotherapy drugs occur in the absence of the chemical); Emergent diseases, Observed directional phenotypic change in a population (Grant’s observations of Darwin’s finches in the Galapagos); A eukaryotic example that describes evolution of a structure or process such as heart chambers, limbs, the brain, and the immune system.
1.D. The origin of living systems is explained by natural processes.
1.D.1 There are several hypotheses about the natural origin of life on Earth, each with supporting scientific evidence.
1.D.1.a Scientific evidence supports the various models.
1.D.1.a.1 Primitive Earth provided inorganic precursors from which organic molecules could have been synthesized due to the presence of available free energy and the absence of a significant quantity of oxygen.
1.D.1.a.2 In turn, these molecules served as monomers or building blocks for the formation of more complex molecules, including amino acids or nucleotides.
1.D.1.a.3 The joining of these monomers produced polymers with the ability to replicate, store and transfer information.
1.D.1.a.4 These complex reaction sets could have occurred in solution (organic soup model) or as reactions on solid reactive surfaces.
1.D.1.a.5 The RNA World hypothesis proposes that RNA could have been the earliest genetic material.
1.D.2 Scientific evidence from many different disciplines supports models of the origin of life.
1.D.2.a Geological evidence provides support for models of the origin of life on Earth.
1.D.2.a.1 The Earth formed approximately 4.6 billion years ago (bya) and the environment was too hostile for life until 3.9 bya, while the earliest fossil evidence for life dates to 3.5 bya. Taken together, this evidence provides a plausible range of dates when the origin of life could have occurred.
1.D.2.a.2 Chemical experiments have shown that it is possible to form complex organic molecules from inorganic molecules in the absence of life.
1.D.2.b. Molecular and genetic evidence from extant and extinct organisms indicates that all organisms on Earth share a common ancestral origin of life.
1.D.2.b.1 Scientific evidence includes molecular building blocks that are common to all life forms.
1.D.2.b.2 Scientific evidence includes a common genetic code.
4.C.1 Variation in molecular units provides cells with a wider range of functions.
4.C.1.b.1 A heterozygote may be a more advantageous genotype than a homozygote under particular conditions, since with two different alleles, the organism has two forms of proteins that may provide functional resilience in response to environmental stresses.
4.C.3.a Population ability to respond to changes in the environment is affected by genetic diversity. Species and populations with little genetic diversity are at risk for extinction.
4.C.3.a.IE California condors, Black footed ferrets, Prairie chickens, Potato blight causing potato famine; Corn rust affects on agricultural crops, Tasmanian devils and infectious cancer.
4.C.3.c Allelic variation within a population can be modeled by the Hardy Weinberg equation.
1.A.1. Natural Selection is a major mechanism of evolution
1.A.1.a According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, competition for limited resources results in differential survival. Individuals with more favorable phenotypes are more likely to survive and produce more offspring, thus passing traits to subsequent generations.
1.A.1.b Evolutionary fitness is measured by reproductive success.
1.A.1.c Genetic variation and mutation play roles in natural selection. A diverse gene pool is important for the survival of a species in a changing environment.
1.A.1.d Environments can be more or less stable or fluctuating, and this affects evolutionary rate and direction; different genetic variations can be selected in each generation.
1.A.1.e An adaptation is a genetic variation that is favored by selection and is manifested as a trait that provides an advantage to an organism in a particular environment.
1.A.1.f In addition to natural selection, change and random events can influence the evolutionary process, especially for small populations.
1.A.1.g Conditions for a population or an allele to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are: (1) a large population size; (2) absence of migration; (3) no net mutations; (4) random mating and (5) absence of selection. These conditions are seldom met.
1.A.1.h Mathematical approaches are used to calculate changes in allele frequency, providing evidence for the occurrence of evolution in a population.
1.A.1.h.IE Illustrative example: Graphical analysis of allele frequencies in a population and application of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation.
1.A.2: Natural selection acts on phenotypic variations in populations
1.A.2.a Environments change and act as selective mechanism on population
1.A.2.a.IE Flowering time in relation to global climate change and the Peppered Moth
1.A.2.b Phenotypic variations are not directed by the environment but occur through random changes in the DNA and through new gene combinations.
1.A.2.c. Some phenotypic variations significantly increase or decrease fitness of the organism and the population
1.A.2.c. IE Sickle cell anemia, peppered moth, DDT resistance in insects.
1.A.2.d Humans impact variation in other species.
1.A.2.d. IE Artificial selection, Loss of genetic diversity within a crop species, Overuse of antibiotics
1.A.3. Evolutionary change is also driven by random processes.
1.A.3.a. Genetic drift is a nonselective process occurring in small populations.
1.A.3.b.Reduction of genetic variation within a given population can increase the differences between populations of the same species.
1.A.4: Biological evolution is supported by scientific evidence from many disciplines, including mathematics.
1.A.4.a Scientific evidence of biological evolution uses information from geographical, geological, physical, chemical, and mathematical applications.
1.A.4.b Molecular, morphological and genetic information existing and extinct organisms add to our understanding of evolution.
1.A.4.b.1 Fossils can be dated by a variety of methods that provide evidence for evolution. These include the age of the rocks where a fossil is found, the rate of decay of isotopes including carbon-14, the relationships within phylogenetic trees, and the mathematical calculations that take into account information from chemical properties and/or geographical data.
1.A.4.b.2 Morphological homologies represent features shared by common ancestry. Vestigial structures are remnants of functional structures, which can be compared to fossils and provide evidence for evolution.
1.A.4.b.3 Biochemical and genetic similarities, in particular DNA nucleotide and protein sequences, provide evidence for evolution and ancestry.
1.A.4.b.4. Mathematical models and simulations can be used to illustrate and support evolutionary concepts
1.A.4.b.4 IE Graphical analyses of allele frequencies in a population;.
1.B: Organisms are linked by lines of descent from common ancestry.
1.B.1: Organisms share many conserved core processes and features that evolved and are widely distributed among organisms today.
1.B.1.a: Structural and functional evidence supports the relatedness of all domains.
1.B.1.a.1 DNA and RNA are carriers of genetic information through transcription, translation, and replication.
1.B.1.a.2 Major features of the genetic code are shared by all modern living systems
1.B.1.a.3 Metabolic pathways are conserved across all currently recognized domains.
1.C Life continues to evolve within a changing environment
1.C.1 Speciation and extinction have occurred throughout the Earth’s history.
1.C.1.a Speciation rates can vary, especially when adaptive radiation occurs when new habitats become available.
1.C.1.b Species extinction rates are at times of ecological stress
1.C.1.b.IE Five major extinctions; Human impact on ecosystems and species extinction rates. (Names and dates of extinctions are beyond scope and AP exam)
1.C.2 Speciation may occur when two populations become reproductively isolated from each other.
1.C.2.a Speciation results in diversity of life forms. Species can be physically separated by a geographic barrier such as an ocean or a mountain range, or various pre-and post-zygotic mechanisms can maintain reproductive isolation and prevent gene flow.
1.C.2.b New species arise from reproductive isolation over time, which can involve scales of hundreds of thousands or even millions of years, or species can occur rapidly through mechanisms such as polyploidy in plants.
1.C.3: Populations of organisms continue to evolve.
1.C.3.a. Scientific evidence supports the idea that evolution has occurred in all species
1.C.3.b. Scientific evidence supports the idea that evolution continues to occur.
1.C.3.b.IE Chemical resistance (mutations for resistance to antibiotics, pesticides, herbicides, or chemotherapy drugs occur in the absence of the chemical); Emergent diseases, Observed directional phenotypic change in a population (Grant’s observations of Darwin’s finches in the Galapagos); A eukaryotic example that describes evolution of a structure or process such as heart chambers, limbs, the brain, and the immune system.
1.D. The origin of living systems is explained by natural processes.
1.D.1 There are several hypotheses about the natural origin of life on Earth, each with supporting scientific evidence.
1.D.1.a Scientific evidence supports the various models.
1.D.1.a.1 Primitive Earth provided inorganic precursors from which organic molecules could have been synthesized due to the presence of available free energy and the absence of a significant quantity of oxygen.
1.D.1.a.2 In turn, these molecules served as monomers or building blocks for the formation of more complex molecules, including amino acids or nucleotides.
1.D.1.a.3 The joining of these monomers produced polymers with the ability to replicate, store and transfer information.
1.D.1.a.4 These complex reaction sets could have occurred in solution (organic soup model) or as reactions on solid reactive surfaces.
1.D.1.a.5 The RNA World hypothesis proposes that RNA could have been the earliest genetic material.
1.D.2 Scientific evidence from many different disciplines supports models of the origin of life.
1.D.2.a Geological evidence provides support for models of the origin of life on Earth.
1.D.2.a.1 The Earth formed approximately 4.6 billion years ago (bya) and the environment was too hostile for life until 3.9 bya, while the earliest fossil evidence for life dates to 3.5 bya. Taken together, this evidence provides a plausible range of dates when the origin of life could have occurred.
1.D.2.a.2 Chemical experiments have shown that it is possible to form complex organic molecules from inorganic molecules in the absence of life.
1.D.2.b. Molecular and genetic evidence from extant and extinct organisms indicates that all organisms on Earth share a common ancestral origin of life.
1.D.2.b.1 Scientific evidence includes molecular building blocks that are common to all life forms.
1.D.2.b.2 Scientific evidence includes a common genetic code.
4.C.1 Variation in molecular units provides cells with a wider range of functions.
4.C.1.b.1 A heterozygote may be a more advantageous genotype than a homozygote under particular conditions, since with two different alleles, the organism has two forms of proteins that may provide functional resilience in response to environmental stresses.
4.C.3.a Population ability to respond to changes in the environment is affected by genetic diversity. Species and populations with little genetic diversity are at risk for extinction.
4.C.3.a.IE California condors, Black footed ferrets, Prairie chickens, Potato blight causing potato famine; Corn rust affects on agricultural crops, Tasmanian devils and infectious cancer.
4.C.3.c Allelic variation within a population can be modeled by the Hardy Weinberg equation.