Documents, etc for Plant Unit
Flipcharts and Self-Study Packet
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Mader powerpoints
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Campbell powerpoints
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Labs/Investigations
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AP Essential Knowledge from College Board
1.A.2.a.IE Environments change and act as selective mechanism on populations. IE: Flowering time in
relation to global climate change.
2.A.1.d.1.IE Organisms use various strategies to regulate body temperature and metabolism. IE: Elevated
floral temperatures in some plant species.
4.C.2.b.IE An organism’s adaptation to the local environment reflects a flexible response of its genone.
IE: Alterations in timing of flowering due to climate changes.
2.A.1.d.2.IE Reproduction and rearing of offspring require free energy beyond that used for
maintenance and growth. Different organisms use various reproductive strategies in response to
energy availability. IE: Seasonal reproduction in animals and plants; Life-history strategy (biennial plants)
2.A.1.f.IE Changes in free energy availability can result in disruptions to an ecosystem. IE Change in the
producer level can affect the number and size of other trophic levels; Change in energy resources
level such as sunlight can affect the number and size of the trophic levels.
2.C.2.a.IE Organisms respond to changes in their external environments. Organisms respond to changes
in their environments through behavioral and physiological mechanisms. IE: Photoperiodism and
phototropism in plants.
2.E.2.a.1 In plants, physiological events involve interactions between environmental stimuli and internal
molecular signals. Phototropism, or the response to the presence of light.
2.E.2.a.2 Photoperiodism, or the response to change in length of the night, that results in flowering in
long-day and short-day plants.
2.E.3.b.1 In phototropism in plants, changes in the light source lead to differential growth, resulting in
maximum exposure of leaves to light for photosynthesis.
2.E.3.b.2 In photoperiodism in plants, changes in the length of night regulate flowering and preparation
for winter.
2.A.3.b.1IE As cells increase in volume, the relative surface are decreases and demand for material
resources increases; more cellular structures are necessary to adequately exchange materials and
energy with the environment. IE: Root hairs
2.A.3.a.3.IE Living systems depend on properties of water that result from its polarity and hydrogen
bonding. IE: Cohesion and Adhesion
2.B.1.c Cell walls provide a structural boundary, as well as a permeability barrier for some substances
to the internal environments.
2.B.1.c.1. Plant cell walls are made of cellulose and are external to the cell membrane.
4.A.4.a.IE Interactions and coordination between organs provide essential biological activities. IE: Root,
stem, leaf
4.A.4.b.IE Interactions and coordination between systems provide essential biological activities. IE: Plant
vascular and leaf.
4.B.2.a.2 Organisms have areas or compartments that perform a subset of functions related to
energy and matter, and these parts contribute to the whole. Within multicellular organisms,
specialization of organs contributes to the overall functioning of the organism.
2.C.1.a.IE Negative feedback mechanisms maintain dynamic homeostasis for a particular condition
(variable) by regulating physiological processes, returning the changing condition back to its target
set point. IE: Plant responses to water limitations.
2.C.1.b.IE Positive feedback mechanisms amplify responses and processes in biological organisms. The
variable initiating the response is moved farther away from the initial set-point. Amplification occurs
when the stimulus is further activated which, in turn, initiates an additional response that produces
system change. IE: Ripening of fruit.
2.D.2.c.IE Homeostatic control system in species of microbes, plants and animals support common
ancestory. IE Osmoregulation in aquatic and terrestrial plants.
2.D.2.b.IE Organisms have various mechanisms for obtaining nutrients and eliminating wastes. IE: Gas
exchange in aquatic and terrestrial plants.
2.D.4.a.IE Plants and animals have a variety of chemical defenses against infections that affect
dynamic homeostasis. Plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates have multiple, nonspecific immune
responses. IE: Plant defenses against pathogens include molecular recognition systems with systemic
responses; infection
triggers chemical responses that destroy infected and adjacent cells, thus localizing the effects.
3.D.2.b.IE Cells communicate over short distances by using local regulators that target cells in the
vicinity of the emitting cell. IE: Plant immune response.
2.E.1.b.3 Timing and coordination of specific events are necessary for the normal development of an
organism, and these events are regulated by a variety of mechanisms. Induction of transcription
factors during development results in sequential gene expression. Temperature and the availability of
water determine seed germination in most plants.
3.B.2.a.IE Signal transmission within and between cells mediates gene expression. IE: Ethylene levels cause
changes in the production of different enzymes, allowing fruits to ripen. IE: Seed germination.
2.E.1.c.IE Programmed cell death (apoptosis) plays a role in the normal development and differentiation.
IE: Flower development.
3.C.1.c.1 Changes in chromosome number often result in new phenotypes, including, including sterility
caused by triploidy and increase vigor of other polyploids.
1.C.2.b Speciation can occur rapidly through mechanisms such as polyploidy.
2.E.3.b.4.IE Cooperative behavior within or between populations contributes to the survival of the
populations. IE: Mutalistic relationships such as mycorrhizae.
3.E.1.b.IE Communication occurs through various mechanisms. Living systems have a variety of signal
behaviors or cues that produce changes in the behavior of other organisms and can result in
differential reproductive success. IE: Coloration in flowers.
4.C.2.a.IE Environmental factors influence many traits both directly and indirectly. IE: Flower color
based on soil pH; Density of plant hairs as a function of herbviory.
relation to global climate change.
2.A.1.d.1.IE Organisms use various strategies to regulate body temperature and metabolism. IE: Elevated
floral temperatures in some plant species.
4.C.2.b.IE An organism’s adaptation to the local environment reflects a flexible response of its genone.
IE: Alterations in timing of flowering due to climate changes.
2.A.1.d.2.IE Reproduction and rearing of offspring require free energy beyond that used for
maintenance and growth. Different organisms use various reproductive strategies in response to
energy availability. IE: Seasonal reproduction in animals and plants; Life-history strategy (biennial plants)
2.A.1.f.IE Changes in free energy availability can result in disruptions to an ecosystem. IE Change in the
producer level can affect the number and size of other trophic levels; Change in energy resources
level such as sunlight can affect the number and size of the trophic levels.
2.C.2.a.IE Organisms respond to changes in their external environments. Organisms respond to changes
in their environments through behavioral and physiological mechanisms. IE: Photoperiodism and
phototropism in plants.
2.E.2.a.1 In plants, physiological events involve interactions between environmental stimuli and internal
molecular signals. Phototropism, or the response to the presence of light.
2.E.2.a.2 Photoperiodism, or the response to change in length of the night, that results in flowering in
long-day and short-day plants.
2.E.3.b.1 In phototropism in plants, changes in the light source lead to differential growth, resulting in
maximum exposure of leaves to light for photosynthesis.
2.E.3.b.2 In photoperiodism in plants, changes in the length of night regulate flowering and preparation
for winter.
2.A.3.b.1IE As cells increase in volume, the relative surface are decreases and demand for material
resources increases; more cellular structures are necessary to adequately exchange materials and
energy with the environment. IE: Root hairs
2.A.3.a.3.IE Living systems depend on properties of water that result from its polarity and hydrogen
bonding. IE: Cohesion and Adhesion
2.B.1.c Cell walls provide a structural boundary, as well as a permeability barrier for some substances
to the internal environments.
2.B.1.c.1. Plant cell walls are made of cellulose and are external to the cell membrane.
4.A.4.a.IE Interactions and coordination between organs provide essential biological activities. IE: Root,
stem, leaf
4.A.4.b.IE Interactions and coordination between systems provide essential biological activities. IE: Plant
vascular and leaf.
4.B.2.a.2 Organisms have areas or compartments that perform a subset of functions related to
energy and matter, and these parts contribute to the whole. Within multicellular organisms,
specialization of organs contributes to the overall functioning of the organism.
2.C.1.a.IE Negative feedback mechanisms maintain dynamic homeostasis for a particular condition
(variable) by regulating physiological processes, returning the changing condition back to its target
set point. IE: Plant responses to water limitations.
2.C.1.b.IE Positive feedback mechanisms amplify responses and processes in biological organisms. The
variable initiating the response is moved farther away from the initial set-point. Amplification occurs
when the stimulus is further activated which, in turn, initiates an additional response that produces
system change. IE: Ripening of fruit.
2.D.2.c.IE Homeostatic control system in species of microbes, plants and animals support common
ancestory. IE Osmoregulation in aquatic and terrestrial plants.
2.D.2.b.IE Organisms have various mechanisms for obtaining nutrients and eliminating wastes. IE: Gas
exchange in aquatic and terrestrial plants.
2.D.4.a.IE Plants and animals have a variety of chemical defenses against infections that affect
dynamic homeostasis. Plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates have multiple, nonspecific immune
responses. IE: Plant defenses against pathogens include molecular recognition systems with systemic
responses; infection
triggers chemical responses that destroy infected and adjacent cells, thus localizing the effects.
3.D.2.b.IE Cells communicate over short distances by using local regulators that target cells in the
vicinity of the emitting cell. IE: Plant immune response.
2.E.1.b.3 Timing and coordination of specific events are necessary for the normal development of an
organism, and these events are regulated by a variety of mechanisms. Induction of transcription
factors during development results in sequential gene expression. Temperature and the availability of
water determine seed germination in most plants.
3.B.2.a.IE Signal transmission within and between cells mediates gene expression. IE: Ethylene levels cause
changes in the production of different enzymes, allowing fruits to ripen. IE: Seed germination.
2.E.1.c.IE Programmed cell death (apoptosis) plays a role in the normal development and differentiation.
IE: Flower development.
3.C.1.c.1 Changes in chromosome number often result in new phenotypes, including, including sterility
caused by triploidy and increase vigor of other polyploids.
1.C.2.b Speciation can occur rapidly through mechanisms such as polyploidy.
2.E.3.b.4.IE Cooperative behavior within or between populations contributes to the survival of the
populations. IE: Mutalistic relationships such as mycorrhizae.
3.E.1.b.IE Communication occurs through various mechanisms. Living systems have a variety of signal
behaviors or cues that produce changes in the behavior of other organisms and can result in
differential reproductive success. IE: Coloration in flowers.
4.C.2.a.IE Environmental factors influence many traits both directly and indirectly. IE: Flower color
based on soil pH; Density of plant hairs as a function of herbviory.